New Zealand
MAORI MANUKA HONEY
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Waikau Bay: a beekeeper inspects his hives in the setting sun. 168 people live along the 50 km of coast, with two schools, two churches and four villages. The coast is preserved; it belongs to the Maoris. The properties have been divided up because of successive inheritances and today it is impossible to sell.
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Waikau Bay: a beekeeper inspects his hives. The main activities of the region, forestry, fishing and cattle and sheep rearing, encounter a problem of isolation. Farming dwindled in the 1960s and moved to areas with a richer soil and less hills. Since the 60s, unemployment and rural exodus are the ebb and flow in this coastal region.
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Norman Parata in Ruatoria posing in a beekeeper’s suit in front of his family’s marae. Norman is a prime example of the downs in this small coastal city’s population. Chronic unemployment or uninteresting jobs such as sheep shearing and forestry plunge the men into alcoholism and depression.
Norman, 39 years old, grew up in Ruatoria until his parents’ separation when he left for Gisborne. He quit school at 15 years old and began working as a sheep shearer, then a lumberjack. Later he set up as an organic farmer, until 2002. For five years he sold his vegetables in Wellington. Single, 3 children aged 17, 16 and 7 by a woman who lived with him for 13 years.
Norman, 39 years old, grew up in Ruatoria until his parents’ separation when he left for Gisborne. He quit school at 15 years old and began working as a sheep shearer, then a lumberjack. Later he set up as an organic farmer, until 2002. For five years he sold his vegetables in Wellington. Single, 3 children aged 17, 16 and 7 by a woman who lived with him for 13 years.
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Norman and his nephew who works at the local gas station greet each other with a traditional Hongi.
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Norman, a father, visits his son and niece who are looked after by a great aunt during the honey season when he goes to work during the week near Waikau Bay. Solidarity and mutual aid are very prevalent in this Maori village community.
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With a Hongi, Norman greets the Ruatoria policeman who has come to ask him for a favor: clear the street of a hive, and its, bees fallen from a beekeeper’s truck.
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Ruatoria: Nornan with a childhood friend during the Sunday afternoon social gathering. The women seem to better cope with the economic situation. For the Maori men, they have a lot of mana, inner strength.
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Ruatoria, Sunday, 6 in the evening, the Sunday afternoon party is still going strong even if some are showing signs of tiredness. Lumberjacks, the unemployed, hunters, sheep shearers, all friends since childhood, close or distant cousins share their weekly salaries buying beer and alcohol. The next morning, they learn that Norman’s 19 year old son was in a car accident. He walked away unscathed: the car is in a ditch at the entrance to the town.
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Ruatoria/ Norman with his friends Steven, lumberjack and Torse, boar hunter. They are all fishermen, for pleasure and out of necessity.
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Ruatori, 11:00 Monday morning, Steven the lumberjack awaits a phone call for possible work this week.
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The Anglican Church in Raukokore, on the east coast, has become a symbol of New Zealand. The tribe owns the land and the coast. It elects members to manage dividends and community investments.
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A Manuka flower
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In traditional medicine the Manuka tree is used in its entirety. The leaves and bark are used for fevers and urinary problems; inhalation of boiled leaves treats head colds. Manuka acts as a diuretic, a sedative, against mastitis and to help heal fractures. The bark is also used to alleviate constipation; chewing the capsules helps diarrhea, inflammation and dysentery.
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A bee boraging a Manuka flowers.
The first European colonists in New Zealand used Manuka leaves as a substitute for tea. Captain Cook used Manuka to fight scurvy during his long explorations of the southern hemisphere. What’s more, he warned about its emetic properties in the case of a strong concentration or over ingestion.
The first European colonists in New Zealand used Manuka leaves as a substitute for tea. Captain Cook used Manuka to fight scurvy during his long explorations of the southern hemisphere. What’s more, he warned about its emetic properties in the case of a strong concentration or over ingestion.
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A bee boraging a Manuka flowers.
The first European colonists in New Zealand used Manuka leaves as a substitute for tea. Captain Cook used Manuka to fight scurvy during his long explorations of the southern hemisphere. What’s more, he warned about its emetic properties in the case of a strong concentration or over ingestion.
The first European colonists in New Zealand used Manuka leaves as a substitute for tea. Captain Cook used Manuka to fight scurvy during his long explorations of the southern hemisphere. What’s more, he warned about its emetic properties in the case of a strong concentration or over ingestion.
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The most common tree to see in New Zealand is the Manuka. We find them on the North and South Islands and the Stewart Islands. It grows in many places on the lower grounds and in the mountains up to 1400 m. It had grown in all the zones deforested by the Europeans to turn forest into pasture. It is considered a species endemic to New Zealand.
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A bee boraging a Manuka flowers.
The first European colonists in New Zealand used Manuka leaves as a substitute for tea. Captain Cook used Manuka to fight scurvy during his long explorations of the southern hemisphere. What’s more, he warned about its emetic properties in the case of a strong concentration or over ingestion.
The first European colonists in New Zealand used Manuka leaves as a substitute for tea. Captain Cook used Manuka to fight scurvy during his long explorations of the southern hemisphere. What’s more, he warned about its emetic properties in the case of a strong concentration or over ingestion.
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Waikau Bay/ Four local fishermen fish for lobster for exportation. They acquired their fishing license from companies that belong to the Maori communities. The Maori leaders like Wira Gardiner constantly face a dilemma between the market economy and the preservation of resources for future generations.
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A powerful expression of identity, the traditional facial tattoos, Moko, practically disappeared in the first part of the 20th century when assimilation was the dominant ideology. Starting in the 60s, they were found again amongst the Maori prison population. Then in the 70s, it became the symbol of activist Maori nationalists. Today, with the renaissance and recognition of Maori culture, Maori university students have also adopted tattoos.
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A powerful expression of identity, the traditional facial tattoos, Moko, practically disappeared in the first part of the 20th century when assimilation was the dominant ideology. Starting in the 60s, they were found again amongst the Maori prison population. Then in the 70s, it became the symbol of activist Maori nationalists. Today, with the renaissance and recognition of Maori culture, Maori university students have also adopted tattoos.
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Dommy Donald Collier. 36 years old, grew up near Waihau Bay; his family went to live in Opotiki when he was 7. He left school at the age of 15 to work with his father. Then, after ten years of odd jobs, he started in apiculture in Whakatane with a pakeha beekeeper. Beekeeper himself for five years now, he has been with the team in Wakaari for 7 months. Since, happy to have found work in the place of his childhood years, he takes advantage of the weekends to go fishing with his eldest son in their little boat. Balanced, impervious to the call of the neighboring pub, he enjoys with his wife and 3 children his new house 50 meters from the ocean. A 4th child is on the way.
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Dommy Donald Collier. 36 years old, grew up near Waihau Bay; his family went to live in Opotiki when he was 7. He left school at the age of 15 to work with his father. Then, after ten years of odd jobs, he started in apiculture in Whakatane with a pakeha beekeeper. Beekeeper himself for five years now, he has been with the team in Wakaari for 7 months. Since, happy to have found work in the place of his childhood years, he takes advantage of the weekends to go fishing with his eldest son in their little boat. Balanced, impervious to the call of the neighboring pub, he enjoys with his wife and 3 children his new house 50 meters from the ocean. A 4th child is on the way.
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Che Rawiri (English name Stirling), 32 years old, 4 children, his wife is expecting a 5th. Born in Raukokore, he left school at the age of 17 to become a rugby player, and studied for a year at the Maori university in Whakatané. Then, he worked for a while as a seasonal worker, followed by five years on a kiwi farm where he lost morale: trimming, treating, harvesting, trimming, treating, harvesting… until someone offered him work as a beekeeper, in the land of his family. Novelty, challenge, the joy of passing on to his children that liberty of hunting, fishing, in Nature. His house is 25 meters from the sea, his grandfather’s house within shouting distance, an aunt not far away… Everyone is related. Che is a revenant from the exodus who today can pass on to his children the privilege of living on their ancestors’ lands with dignity.
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Che Rawiri (English name Stirling), 32 years old, 4 children, his wife is expecting a 5th. Born in Raukokore, he left school at the age of 17 to become a rugby player, and studied for a year at the Maori university in Whakatané. Then, he worked for a while as a seasonal worker, followed by five years on a kiwi farm where he lost morale: trimming, treating, harvesting, trimming, treating, harvesting… until someone offered him work as a beekeeper, in the land of his family. Novelty, challenge, the joy of passing on to his children that liberty of hunting, fishing, in Nature. His house is 25 meters from the sea, his grandfather’s house within shouting distance, an aunt not far away… Everyone is related. Che is a revenant from the exodus who today can pass on to his children the privilege of living on their ancestors’ lands with dignity.
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The harvest of Manuka honey has begun and the beekeepers go from apiary to apiary, opening the hives and extracting the honeycombs. The varroa was late in coming to New Zealand but today beekeepers are obliged to treat the hives immediately following the harvest.
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The harvest of Manuka honey has begun and the beekeepers go from apiary to apiary, opening the hives and extracting the honeycombs. The varroa was late in coming to New Zealand but today beekeepers are obliged to treat the hives immediately following the harvest.
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The harvest of Manuka honey has begun and the beekeepers go from apiary to apiary, opening the hives and extracting the honeycombs. The varroa was late in coming to New Zealand but today beekeepers are obliged to treat the hives immediately following the harvest.
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The beekeepers’ four-wheel drives disappear into the countryside on the farming tracks to reach the distant apiaries near the Manuka forests. Although this tree can be found everywhere on the hundreds of thousands of hectares of community land, roads are scarce and sites for the apiaries are fought over.
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The beekeepers’ four-wheel drives disappear into the countryside on the farming tracks to reach the distant apiaries near the Manuka forests. Although this tree can be found everywhere on the hundreds of thousands of hectares of community land, roads are scarce and sites for the apiaries are fought over.
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The beekeepers’ four-wheel drives disappear into the countryside on the farming tracks to reach the distant apiaries near the Manuka forests. Although this tree can be found everywhere on the hundreds of thousands of hectares of community land, roads are scarce and sites for the apiaries are fought over.
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During the harvest, thousands of bees of the Italian subspecies fly this way and that around the beekeepers. The guardian bees’ stings can do nothing against this two-legged predator who, protected by his overalls, doesn’t fear their attacks.
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The frames of the hive line up perfectly; the bees take advantage of this moment of respite to fill their crops with honey.
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In indescribable chaos, the bees fly like mad around the freshly harvested honey supers. The harvest is taking place without a smoker: it has to be done quickly to avoid the pillaging of the honey by the bees, that honey madness that can make the men’s work very difficult.
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On the frames of an open hive, the bees take advantage of the disemboweled cells to fill their crops with honey.
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The beekeepers’ four-wheel drives disappear into the countryside on the farming tracks to reach the distant apiaries near the Manuka forests. Although this tree can be found everywhere on the hundreds of thousands of hectares of community land, roads are scarce and sites for the apiaries are fought over.
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Tamaona Waaka Vercoe. Maori businessman, 62, president of the company Maori Investment Limited, in his marea in front of the sculpture of one of his clan’s ancestors. He is one of the first Maoris to have received higher education, in economics. He worked at the central bank in Auckland before coming back to his homeland at the age of 35. Today, he is owner of several dairy farms. For the Maoris, the past is before us, it is known, it is genealogy, the history of their ancestors, from which they gain experience for the present. But the future is behind us, because it is unknown. You can sometimes turn your head to try to glimpse it, but it remains unknown. Tamaona is stronger for balancing the Maori vision of the world and his experience in European style economics.
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Celebration of the arrival of the canoe Te Aurere Waka on the beach of Whangaparaoa. This immense double pirogue, similar to those of the first people to arrive, was built to prove to the world of the Pakehas that the colonization of New Zealand in the13th - 14th centuries owed nothing to chance. Since 15 years ago, the Maoris’ canoes crisscross the Pacific Ocean.
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Celebration of the arrival of the canoe Te Aurere Waka on the beach of Whangaparaoa. This immense double pirogue, similar to those of the first people to arrive, was built to prove to the world of the Pakehas that the colonization of New Zealand in the13th - 14th centuries owed nothing to chance. Since 15 years ago, the Maoris’ canoes crisscross the Pacific Ocean.
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In the village of Whangaparaoa, in the marae, the sailors from the Te Aurere Waka are welcomed with ceremony.
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In the village of Whangaparaoa, in the marae, the sailors from the Te Aurere Waka are welcomed with ceremony.
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In the village of Whangaparaoa, in the marae, the sailors from the Te Aurere Waka are welcomed with a community lunch. The party will continue through dinner and the guests will be put up for the night in the marae.
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Tuihana Pook, the principal of the Whangaparaoa school, 58 years old, has thirty students aged 2 to 16 years in her charge, all members of the same tribe or related by a common genealogy. In 20 years, the education level of the Maoris has reached that of the Pakehas, they go to university, even if Maori university students are a minority. She teaches the Maori language since 1990. Tuihana Pook had the idea of creating a local Maori beekeeping company to benefit from the manna of the Manuka flowers and create employment where before the young were obliged to migrate or go to Whakatane a two hour’s drive away.
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Program broadcast in the Maori language on the community radio of Whakatane.
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In Wongaparoa, the honey house of Whakaari International. It was built a few years ago, a big, impeccable room and an extraction line protected by a net against marauding looters. Four Maori women and one man work here during the season.
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In Wongaparoa, the honey house of Whakaari International. It was built a few years ago, a big, impeccable room and an extraction line protected by a net against marauding looters. Four Maori women and one man work here during the season.
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In Wongaparoa, the honey house of Whakaari International. It was built a few years ago, a big, impeccable room and an extraction line protected by a net against marauding looters. Four Maori women and one man work here during the season.
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In Wongaparoa, the honey house of Whakaari International. It was built a few years ago, a big, impeccable room and an extraction line protected by a net against marauding looters. Four Maori women and one man work here during the season.
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In Wongaparoa, the honey house of Whakaari International. It was built a few years ago, a big, impeccable room and an extraction line protected by a net against marauding looters. Four Maori women and one man work here during the season.
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Friday evening at the pub in Waikau Bay, the whole team from Whakaari gets together for a drink. A very English tradition…
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In the region of Lake Taupo and the Ruaperu (2797m) and Tongariro (1978m) Volcanoes, the beekeepers bring their hives for the late flowering (due to the altitude and the temperature) in February of the Manuka. In Polynesian mythology, human beings, the elements and everything that makes up Nature descended from Father Sky and Mother Earth. That’s the reason why the ancient Maoris identified with all of nature.
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A young Maori sampling some Manuka honey.
Peter Molan, from the university of Waikato (NZ) researched the therapeutic properties of Manuka honey. All Manuka honeys contain a specific enzyme, the UMF (unique manuka factor), which produces hydrogen peroxide, a recognized antiseptic and antibacterial of which the level varies enormously from one honey to another. The level contained in Manuka honey is approximately ten times higher than that found in other honeys.
Peter Molan, from the university of Waikato (NZ) researched the therapeutic properties of Manuka honey. All Manuka honeys contain a specific enzyme, the UMF (unique manuka factor), which produces hydrogen peroxide, a recognized antiseptic and antibacterial of which the level varies enormously from one honey to another. The level contained in Manuka honey is approximately ten times higher than that found in other honeys.
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Ruatoria/ In the only supermarket in the town, you find Manuka honey.
All Manuka honeys are laboratory tested to receive the UMF label, of which the figure ranges from 10 to over 20 depending on the level. Less than 10, no label. A century ago, the Maoris already used the honey from wild bees to heal wounds. They call it miere in the Maori language.
All Manuka honeys are laboratory tested to receive the UMF label, of which the figure ranges from 10 to over 20 depending on the level. Less than 10, no label. A century ago, the Maoris already used the honey from wild bees to heal wounds. They call it miere in the Maori language.
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After the service, in front of the Anglican church of Raukokore, the Maoris mix with the descendants of the colonists, the pakehas.
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After the service, in front of the Anglican church of Raukokore, a Maori family.
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Ruatoria / Teenagers imitate, without really being convincing, American rappers whom they watch on satellite TV. The new generation is the Maoris’ hope. The Maori Party, formed in July 2004, has today 4 seats out of 122 in the New Zealand parliament. Its presence in the center of the political scene makes it a necessary ally for the two big conservative and workers’ parties. 22% of the population is of Maori origin.
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Tame Iti is an activist known to all Maoris of New Zealand. He joined the Maori Nationalists during the protest movements in the 1970s. He is also an artist who gives performances combining dance and theater. In 2005, during a traditional festival, he fired a gun into a New Zealand flag and charges were made against him. On October 15, 2007, he was arrested with 16 other people from his village during a police antiterrorist raid. Released, he became in spite of himself the hero of the Maori cause
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